Mirror Behind Hole Photography into Sculpture
Guest Curator: Yuri Mitsuda (Curator, Kawamura Memorial DIC Museum of Art)
Digital data can take the form of photographs. It can take the form of music, text, graphics, and film as well. Data takes on physical form when it is brought off a device’s screen into the real world, i.e. converted from a uniform, one-dimensional strings of ones and zeroes into a three-dimensional object. One issue that is increasingly being explored is the process – the equipment and materials – used to give data, which has no physical substance, a “sculptural” form.
It is not merely for nostalgic reasons that we cling to analog film and classical photography, collect vinyl records, recognize anew the value of calligraphy, obsess over typography, and present 16mm film installations at international exhibitions. We have realized that as long as we have physical substance ourselves, our data needs to be converted from one dimension to three, given tangible form. Vinyl records and typography, which in the past were perceived primarily as media for transmitting data, have today taken on an overwhelmingly “sculptural” presence. We feel compelled to visit the sites of production, from which we have become so disconnected, and learn the “sculptural” techniques of the past.
Photography is omnipresent as a medium for converting physical entities into data-based images. This data can then be transformed into any form using a range of output methods, that is to say digital photographs are printed on the surfaces of every conceivable object. Digital photography is like a “mold” that can shape the surface of any substance. There was always a “mold” element to analog film as well, but today with 3D printers sculpting digital data seamlessly, the nature of the photograph as a “mold” has been thoroughly established.
A mold is a kind of hole, which can be filled with all sorts of materials. By contrast, photography has historically been discussed as a mirror with 100% reflectivity, which shows actual objects while never revealing its own true shape. But today, photography can also be called a hole, i.e. a mold. There is no bottom to this hole, because it does not distinguish between photographic images of actual objects and impossible, illusionary images––all of it becomes data. It is a hole with 0% reflectivity. When photography is both a hole and a mirror, sculpture finds itself between them.
Sculpture and photography have always been connected. While “pictures within pictures” are an effective critical tactic in painting, the most effective way to critique sculpture is through photography. To discuss the medium of sculpture, a given sculpture has to be seen here and now in reality, in a specific place and time, and this is achieved through photography. When sculpture and photography are connected, the monumental and universal “coating” of traditional sculpture is stripped away, and the raw, fragile and elusive surface of contemporary sculpture is exposed. This is a function that only photography can perform.
Constantin Brancusi realized this, and produced striking photographs of groups of his sculptures in his studio. Being an artist of the post-monumental, movable sculpture era, he wanted to present his own work in a specific way in real, living time. Photography was necessary to preserve and convey the sculptural space as it appeared to him. Photography is sculpture as spatial experience.
Brancusi began by carving pieces of stone, and looking in them for formal ideas. After arriving at a form, he carved the same form in several stones of almost the same size, and finally cast it in bronze. Brancusi’s sculptures were possible to execute in various media. Their final forms were the result of making a mold from a stone carving, then casting it in bronze and giving it a mirrored finish. His formal ideas materialized in the form of mirrors. Brancusi then took photos of his own mirrored sculptures, reflecting their surroundings with a keenly reflected light. At that time, which was the mirror – the photograph or the sculpture? Which was the mold (hole), the sculptural forms or the photographic equipment?
I imagine an invisible hole that does not reflect light, and a mirror that only reflects light but does not show itself, facing one another. An attempt to examine contemporary photography and sculpture in this light is the starting point of this year’s exhibition at Gallery αM.